Value for money and transformational impact of cadet forces highlighted in university report

Combined Cadet Forces (CCFs) in UK schools save the taxpayer millions of pounds a year, while significantly improving outcomes for pupils, teachers, schools, and communities according to a new study by the University of Northampton (UON).

Commissioned by the Ministry of Defence and the Combined Cadet Force Association, UON’s Institute of Social Innovation and Impact (ISII) published a report this month showing that cadet programmes not only build character, confidence, and resilience in young people but also contribute substantial economic benefits.

Most significantly, the report showed the majority of headteachers believe CCFs improve results. The report calculates that if half of the pupils currently attending a CCF improved their results by one grade in one subject, the lifetime economic benefit would be around £56million.

The report also estimates the CCF generates over £10 million in annual savings through the reduced need for interventions to improve behaviour and attendance.

One school in Northern Ireland reported a 25% reduction in exclusions, equalling an annual saving of around £80,000​ after they started offering pupils at risk of exclusion the option of joining the CCF instead.

The report was authored by ISII founder Professor Simon Denny, its current director, Professor Richard Hazenberg and Research Leader, Dr Claire Paterson-Young.

Prof Hazenberg said in addition to these cost savings, the report identifies stronger pupil-teacher relationships and enhanced professional development for school staff and volunteers who run CCF groups.

He added: “Our findings show that cadet forces contribute significantly to educational outcomes, personal development, and community cohesion.

“In times of limited public spending, the economic case for cadets is clear.”

To mark the publication of the report and celebrate the significance of cadets and their contributions, the Minister for Veterans and People Alistair Carns joined active and former cadets at Frimley Park Cadet Training Centre, in Surrey this month.

He said: “Joining the cadets is more than just an opportunity—it’s a transformative experience. It empowers young people to build character, resilience, and teamwork.

“They learn to lead with integrity, serve with purpose, and grow with honour.”

The report concludes that school-based cadet forces offer an effective, evidence-based model for improving youth development while delivering measurable returns for the education sector and society as a whole.

For more information and to view the full report, visit the ISII website.